Schizophrenia is not one condition. "Schizophrenia" is an umbrella classification given to several different disorders, each with different symptoms, root causes, and methods of treatment.
Most psychiatrists are unaware of this, leading them to treat patients by perscribing them different anti-psychotics and tranquilizers in a trial-and-error approach to determine which medication is effective. This is a precarious approach, as it disregards the biochemical individuality of the patient, and risks worsening symptoms by further destabilizing brain chemistry, all in the hopes that the practitioner will stumble upon the right combination of medicines. When abilify doesn't work, perscribe asenapine, when that doesn't work administer clozapine, or geodon, and when all else fails try risperdal. Each of these medications, while effective, come with their own host of side effects - some worse than the symptoms of the illness itself.
So, if schizophrenia is one disorder, then why is it so difficult to treat? How can it be the case that certain medications work for some people, while others don't? What about cases of sudden remission of the illness?
William Walsh, who in his 30 years of psychiatric research has taken over 50,000 blood tests of people with psychiatric illnesses such as depression, ADHD, bi-polar disorder, and schizophrenia (the largest and most comprehensive of such an archive in the world), claims to have developed a reasonable hypothesis for what schizophrenia is. He claims that there are five biotypes of psychiatric illnesses. These categories were not only based on symptoms, but through comprehensive blood testing for nutrients and compounds.
The High Dopamine, Low Glutamate Theory
The current theory of schizophrenia is the high dopamine theory. Excessive excitement of the dopamine receptors can cause the emergence of psychotic symptoms. This is the case when drugs such as cocaine and amphetamines, which increase dopamine, are administered in high dosages. This theory was formed upon the discovery that dopamine receptor blockade by antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine and haloperidol reduced psychotic symptoms. It should come as no surprise that high dopamine levels have been observed in the brains of many schizophrenics, further lending credence to this theory.
However, PET scans used to examine interactions in the brain revealed that there were some patients who exhibited symptoms of psychosis even with 90% of their D2 receptors blocked by antipsychotic medications. This happened mostly in patients who dealing with the illness for multiple decades. Furthermore, may atypical antipsychotics have a lower affinity for dopamine receptors, yet are effective at treating the negative symptoms of the condition.
NDMA glutamate activity is also associated with psychotic disorders. PCP acts and ketamine both act as glutamate antagonists; when administered at high dosages, they can produce symptoms which are very similar to psychosis. Low glutamate has also been observed in the brains of psychotics.
Additionally, serotonin, which regulates an enormous number of processes in the body is also widely agreed to play a role in schizophrenia. The 5-HT2A receptor is main receptor targeted by psychedelics such as LSD, Psilocybin (Mushrooms), DMT, and mescaline, and is thought to mediate the action of many antipsychotics.
If it is the case that dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin alone are the cause of this psychiatric condition, re-balancing them should produce a significant reduction in symptoms for all schizophrenics, correct? So why then is it that even in taking multiple SSRI's and dopamine suppressing antipsychotics, sometimes for years, that the condition still persists in so many people?
The Walsh Theory of Schizophrenia
Thesis 1: Schizophrenia is Epigenetic in Nature:
A psychotic breakdown is usually followed by a lifetime of illness and misery. This often permanent change in functioning results from altered chromatin bookmarks that regulate gene expression. Since the deviant marks are maintained during future cell divisions, the condition doesn't “go away”.
Thesis 2: Weak Antioxidant Protection is a Distinctive Feature of Schizophrenia:
Most schizophrenics exhibit a genetic or acquired weakness in antioxidant protection. Evidence from my extensive chemistry database includes generally low levels of glutathione, cysteine, selenium, zinc, polyunsaturated fats, together with high levels of non-ceruloplasmin copper.
Thesis 3: Oxidative Overload Produces Deviant Epigenetic Marks in Schizophrenia:
Cancer researchers have identified cumulative oxidative stress as a trigger that can transform healthy cells into cancer cells by altering epigenetic marks that permanently change gene expression. Examples include skin cancer developing after years of excessive sun exposure, and lung cancer following years of cigarette smoking. It’s not a coincidence that nearly all schizophrenia patients exhibit excess oxidative stress. The onset of schizophrenia occurs when oxidative stresses exceed the threshold level needed to alter chromatin marks that regulate gene expression.
Thesis 4: Methylation Imbalances Promote Epigenetic Vulnerability to Oxidative Stress:
Abnormal methylation of chromatin is a leading cause of epigenetic errors in gene expression. The combination of oxidative overload and a methyl imbalance can produce gene expression changes that result in a chronic schizophrenia condition. The two most prevalent forms of schizophrenia develop in persons who exhibit either methyl overload or methyl deficiency. The two resulting psychotic disorders exhibit very different brain chemistry and symptoms.
Thesis 5: Extraordinary Weakness in Antioxidant Protection Can Produce Schizophrenia in the Absence of Methyl Imbalances:
The third major schizophrenia phenotype develops in persons with an inborn severe deficit in antioxidant protection. This condition is arbitrarily termed “Pyrrole Disorder” due to the presence of excessive pyrrole levels in blood and urine. Mental breakdowns occur for these persons during periods of extreme physical or mental stress in which deviant epigenetic marks are established. This condition is characterized by extraordinary anxiety, rapid mood swings, and often involves both auditory hallucinations and delusional beliefs. Brain chemistry abnormalities include depressed glutamate activity at NMDA receptors, and very depressed GABA activity.
Thesis 6: Failure to Follow Classical Laws of Genetic Inheritance Results From the Epigenetic Nature of Schizophrenia:
Schizophrenia is strongly heritable (runs in families) but fails to obey Mendel’s classic laws of genetic inheritance. There are countless examples of identical twins where one sibling develops the disorder and the other does not. In addition, intensive research efforts to identify the schizophrenia gene (or genes) have met with little success. Epigenetics provides two explanations for the non-Mendelian nature of schizophrenia: (a) Environmental insults are required to produce deviant epigenetic marks and environmental conditions are highly variable for different individuals, and (b) Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI) contributes to schizophrenia heritability by transmitting deviant epigenetic marks to one’s children and grandchildren.
Common Biotypes of Schizophrenia
These categories were determined through thousands of blood tests for levels of amino acids, and other compounds critical to neurotransmitter synthesis and cognition.
Overmethylation
About 46% of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia exhibit excessive methylation of chromatin along with weak antioxidant protection. Mental breakdowns generally occur during severe physical or emotional traumatic events that produce overwhelming oxidative stress and deviant gene marks. This schizophrenia biotype is a sensory disorder that generally involves auditory, tactile, or visual hallucinations. This form is of critical importance, as these persons react very poorly to SSRIs. For these patients, taking SSRIs can lead to suicidal or homicide ideation. This condition is associated with elevated activity of dopamine and norepinephrine, and reduced glutamate activity at NMDA receptors. The most common DSM-5 diagnosis is paranoid schizophrenia.
Symptoms & Traits
Auditory hallucinations, paranoia depression, high anxiety and panic attacks, low libido, religiosity, tendency to gain weight, pacing, mood swings/explosive anger, dry eyes, tinnitus, hirsutism, obsessions, frenetic activity, severe intolerance to SSRI antidepressants
Effective medications: atypical antipsychotics such as Risperdal and Geodon.
Medications to be avoided: SSRI Antidepressants
Additionally, these people may respond well to high dosages of niacin or niacinamide.
Undermethylation
About 28% of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia exhibit low methylation of chromatin together with weak antioxidant protection. Mental breakdowns generally occur during severe physical or emotional traumatic events that produce a separate set of altered gene marks. These people tend to be highly competitive, striving for perfection. Many of these people find that their initial psychotic episode occurred suddenly, during a period of severe stress, such as time in school, or their workplace. Patients such as this often have a calm demeanor, yet high inner tension, they tend to exhibit more of the reasoning distortions such as delusions and paranoia rather than the extreme sensory distortions such as visual and tactile hallucinations. This schizophrenia biotype essentially is a thought disorder with delusions and catatonic tendencies the primary symptoms. This condition is associated with low activity at serotonin, dopamine, and NMDA receptors. The most common DSM-5 diagnoses are Schizoaffective Disorder or Delusional Disorder.
Symptoms and Traits:
Severe delusions, OCD, catatonic tendencies, phobias, very high libido, high accomplishment prior to onset (perfectionism), denial of illness, low pain tolerance, addictiveness, slenderness, frequent headaches, ritualistic behaviours, rumination about past events, blankminded appearance
Effective medications: antipsychotic SSRIs for depression: Zyprexa, Seroquel, Abilify, Clozaril
Pyrrole Disorder
Pyroluria, or pyrrole disorder, is a genetically acquired chemical imbalance in which the body produces an abnormally large number of pyrroles. It was first observed during Carl Pfeiffer's urine testing of people suffering from psychotic symptoms. A pyrrole is a chemical consisting of a 5 membered aromatic ring. These chemicals are the byproduct of hemoglobin synthesis and have no known function in the body; they are normally excreted in the urine. Most people have very few pyrroles in their system at any given time; certain individuals, however, have an unusually high number of pyrroles in their bodies, resulting in a condition known as pyroluria. The production of pyrroles/ hydroxyhemopyrrolin can increase with stress, which in turn decreases zinc and B6 – nutrients that are essential for the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, melatonin, GABA, and acetylcholine. Zinc and B6 fail to be reabsorbed in effective amounts following the onset. Zinc deficiencies have been associated with a number of physiological disorders, including poor immune function, poor growth, and delayed sexual development. Schizophrenic patients suffering from this condition often find that through rebalancing levels of Zinc, B6, and GABA, that they quickly see a reduction in their symptoms.
Symptoms:
Onset during severe stress, mixed psychotic symptoms, extreme Anxiety, explosive anger, sensitivity to bright lights and noise, obsessions with negative thoughts, little to no dream recall
Effective medications include all atypical antipsychotics and benzodiazapines (especially Klonapin)
Wheat Gluten Intolerance
In some people, there is a poor breakdown of gluten proteins in the G.I. tract, likely due to an intolerant microbiome. Short peptides are formed with opiode-like properties which then travel to the brain and cause inflammation. This condition seems to be the cause of 4% cases of schizophrenia. Upon eliminating wheat, oats, barley, and rye from the diet people suffering from gluten intolerance quickly find that their symptoms have gone into remission.
Symptoms: Mixed psychotic symptoms; worsening of symptoms after the consumption of foods high in gluten
Effective medications include all atypical antipsychotics
Copper Toxicity
Copper is essential to the body. It assists in the production of red blood cells, helps form collagen, absorb iron, and serves a whole host of other functions. It is found in every part of the body - including the brain - where it assists in neuron signaling. It is like a dimmer for neuron communication in the brain.
So what if a person's body doesn't effectively regulate copper levels, leading to too much copper?
Copper toxicity is marked by extreme levels of copper in the blood and brain, causing a dopamine deficiency and norepinephrine overload. High levels of copper over conduct the brain resulting in sensory excitation and dysregulation. Increased copper retention is necessary to rapidly produce capillaries and blood vessels for the growing fetus, and some mothers are unable to eliminate the excess copper due to estrogen intolerance. Postpartum depression and post partum psychosis is usually caused by copper overload. 17% of the depression patients in the study fit this category. Most patients afflicted with this condition reported little effect from taking SSRIs.
Symptoms and traits: Mixed psychotic symptoms with suicidal or homicidal tendencies, more than 95% female with onset during hormonal event, SSRI antipsychotics ineffective
Effective medications: All atypical antipsychotics
Method of treatment: Rebalancing zinc and copper levels through supplementation and elimination of high copper foods.
Why Niacin can reduce symptoms of Overmethylated Schizophrenia
Nicotinic acid is an organic compound and a form of vitamin B3, a nutrient essential to proper body and brain function. Niacin and niacinamide both act as dopamine re-uptake promoters and act to remove dopamine from the system. According to the dopamine theory of schizophrenia, high levels fo dopamine cause are are part of the cause of schizophrenia. Dr Abram Hoffer was well known for his experiments with niacin in the treatment of schizophrenia. According to his research, administering high dosages (5000mg+) of niacin to overmethylated schizophrenic patients reduced symptoms and cause improvements significantly. You can find various reports around /r/schizophrenia and schizophrenia.com about people who saw their symptoms improve after supplementing with niacin. If the Walsh hypothesis of schizophrenia is to be believed, these people are likely overmethylated.
So, now that we've laid out these imbalances, what is the preferred method of testing for, and treating them?
Biochemical makeup is determined through blood testing done at certified laboratories. These labs test for kryptopyrroles, copper serum, zinc, whole blood Histamine, ceruloplasmin, vitamin D, TSH, CMP14, and homocysteine.
Medical history and symptoms are assessed along with labs in order to make a determination. After this, a regimen of nutrients in carefully calculated dosages, as well as a and diet plan, is tailored to one's individual biochemistry. As no two people are unique, no treatment should be either. As such is is not advised that people undertake self diagnosis, as there is a high risk for worsening symptoms if an incorrect determination is made. It is absolutely not recommended that people stop taking their perscribed medication. There are multiple clinics that facilitate this type of testing. Most of them seem to be in the United States, Ireland, and Australia. According to proponents of this method of treating schizophrenia, a significant number of patients reported that this method of treatment had a significant impact on their condition.
Summarized from the following sources:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nMcXIoV1VM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bngPW55Po1k
www.mensahmedical.com/images/Schizophrenia-PP_1.pdf
https://archive.org/details/NutrientPowerWilliamJ.WalshPhD
https://www.walshinstitute.org/researchstudies.html
http://www.orthomolecularvitamincentre.com/a_hoffer_schizophrenia.php
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2669582/
https://www.walshinstitute.org/uploads/1/7/9/9/17997321/depression_pp_2.pdf
http://www.mensahmedical.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/BiochemicalImbalancesInMentalHealthPopulations.pdf
http://americannutritionassociation.org/sites/default/files/ANA%20Presentation_Walsh_%2011%2012.pdf
http://www.kumc.edu/Documents/integrativemed/830am_DrWalsh_%20BD_ADHD_ASD.pdf.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpjXWF7kdvw
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4083629/
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/490850
Schizophrenia is not one condition. "Schizophrenia" is an umbrella classification given to several different disorders, each with different symptoms, root causes, and methods of treatment.Most psychiatrists are unaware of this, leading them to treat patients by perscribing them different anti-psychotics and tranquilizers in a trial-and-error approach to determine which medication is effective. This is a precarious approach, as it disregards the biochemical individuality of the patient, and risks worsening symptoms by further destabilizing brain chemistry, all in the hopes that the practitioner will stumble upon the right combination of medicines. When abilify doesn't work, perscribe asenapine, when that doesn't work administer clozapine, or geodon, and when all else fails try risperdal. Each of these medications, while effective, come with their own host of side effects - some worse than the symptoms of the illness itself.So, if schizophrenia is one disorder, then why is it so difficult to treat? How can it be the case that certain medications work for some people, while others don't? What about cases of sudden remission of the illness?William Walsh, who in his 30 years of psychiatric research has taken over 50,000 blood tests of people with psychiatric illnesses such as depression, ADHD, bi-polar disorder, and schizophrenia (the largest and most comprehensive of such an archive in the world), claims to have developed a reasonable hypothesis for what schizophrenia is. He claims that there are five biotypes of psychiatric illnesses. These categories were not only based on symptoms, but through comprehensive blood testing for nutrients and compounds.The High Dopamine, Low Glutamate TheoryThe current theory of schizophrenia is the high dopamine theory. Excessive excitement of the dopamine receptors can cause the emergence of psychotic symptoms. This is the case when drugs such as cocaine and amphetamines, which increase dopamine, are administered in high dosages. This theory was formed upon the discovery that dopamine receptor blockade by antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine and haloperidol reduced psychotic symptoms. It should come as no surprise that high dopamine levels have been observed in the brains of many schizophrenics, further lending credence to this theory.However, PET scans used to examine interactions in the brain revealed that there were some patients who exhibited symptoms of psychosis even with 90% of their D2 receptors blocked by antipsychotic medications. This happened mostly in patients who dealing with the illness for multiple decades. Furthermore, may atypical antipsychotics have a lower affinity for dopamine receptors, yet are effective at treating the negative symptoms of the condition.NDMA glutamate activity is also associated with psychotic disorders. PCP acts and ketamine both act as glutamate antagonists; when administered at high dosages, they can produce symptoms which are very similar to psychosis. Low glutamate has also been observed in the brains of psychotics.Additionally, serotonin, which regulates an enormous number of processes in the body is also widely agreed to play a role in schizophrenia. The 5-HT2A receptor is main receptor targeted by psychedelics such as LSD, Psilocybin (Mushrooms), DMT, and mescaline, and is thought to mediate the action of many antipsychotics.If it is the case that dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin alone are the cause of this psychiatric condition, re-balancing them should produce a significant reduction in symptoms for all schizophrenics, correct? So why then is it that even in taking multiple SSRI's and dopamine suppressing antipsychotics, sometimes for years, that the condition still persists in so many people?The Walsh Theory of SchizophreniaThesis 1: Schizophrenia is Epigenetic in Nature:A psychotic breakdown is usually followed by a lifetime of illness and misery. This often permanent change in functioning results from altered chromatin bookmarks that regulate gene expression. Since the deviant marks are maintained during future cell divisions, the condition doesn't “go away”.Thesis 2: Weak Antioxidant Protection is a Distinctive Feature of Schizophrenia:Most schizophrenics exhibit a genetic or acquired weakness in antioxidant protection. Evidence from my extensive chemistry database includes generally low levels of glutathione, cysteine, selenium, zinc, polyunsaturated fats, together with high levels of non-ceruloplasmin copper.Thesis 3: Oxidative Overload Produces Deviant Epigenetic Marks in Schizophrenia:Cancer researchers have identified cumulative oxidative stress as a trigger that can transform healthy cells into cancer cells by altering epigenetic marks that permanently change gene expression. Examples include skin cancer developing after years of excessive sun exposure, and lung cancer following years of cigarette smoking. It’s not a coincidence that nearly all schizophrenia patients exhibit excess oxidative stress. The onset of schizophrenia occurs when oxidative stresses exceed the threshold level needed to alter chromatin marks that regulate gene expression.Thesis 4: Methylation Imbalances Promote Epigenetic Vulnerability to Oxidative Stress:Abnormal methylation of chromatin is a leading cause of epigenetic errors in gene expression. The combination of oxidative overload and a methyl imbalance can produce gene expression changes that result in a chronic schizophrenia condition. The two most prevalent forms of schizophrenia develop in persons who exhibit either methyl overload or methyl deficiency. The two resulting psychotic disorders exhibit very different brain chemistry and symptoms.Thesis 5: Extraordinary Weakness in Antioxidant Protection Can Produce Schizophrenia in the Absence of Methyl Imbalances:The third major schizophrenia phenotype develops in persons with an inborn severe deficit in antioxidant protection. This condition is arbitrarily termed “Pyrrole Disorder” due to the presence of excessive pyrrole levels in blood and urine. Mental breakdowns occur for these persons during periods of extreme physical or mental stress in which deviant epigenetic marks are established. This condition is characterized by extraordinary anxiety, rapid mood swings, and often involves both auditory hallucinations and delusional beliefs. Brain chemistry abnormalities include depressed glutamate activity at NMDA receptors, and very depressed GABA activity.Thesis 6: Failure to Follow Classical Laws of Genetic Inheritance Results From the Epigenetic Nature of Schizophrenia:Schizophrenia is strongly heritable (runs in families) but fails to obey Mendel’s classic laws of genetic inheritance. There are countless examples of identical twins where one sibling develops the disorder and the other does not. In addition, intensive research efforts to identify the schizophrenia gene (or genes) have met with little success. Epigenetics provides two explanations for the non-Mendelian nature of schizophrenia: (a) Environmental insults are required to produce deviant epigenetic marks and environmental conditions are highly variable for different individuals, and (b) Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI) contributes to schizophrenia heritability by transmitting deviant epigenetic marks to one’s children and grandchildren.Common Biotypes of SchizophreniaThese categories were determined through thousands of blood tests for levels of amino acids, and other compounds critical to neurotransmitter synthesis and cognition.OvermethylationAbout 46% of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia exhibit excessive methylation of chromatin along with weak antioxidant protection. Mental breakdowns generally occur during severe physical or emotional traumatic events that produce overwhelming oxidative stress and deviant gene marks. This schizophrenia biotype is a sensory disorder that generally involves auditory, tactile, or visual hallucinations. This form is of critical importance, as these persons react very poorly to SSRIs. For these patients, taking SSRIs can lead to suicidal or homicide ideation. This condition is associated with elevated activity of dopamine and norepinephrine, and reduced glutamate activity at NMDA receptors. The most common DSM-5 diagnosis is paranoid schizophrenia.Symptoms & TraitsAuditory hallucinations, paranoia depression, high anxiety and panic attacks, low libido, religiosity, tendency to gain weight, pacing, mood swings/explosive anger, dry eyes, tinnitus, hirsutism, obsessions, frenetic activity, severe intolerance to SSRI antidepressantsEffective medications: atypical antipsychotics such as Risperdal and Geodon.Medications to be avoided: SSRI AntidepressantsAdditionally, these people may respond well to high dosages of niacin or niacinamide.UndermethylationAbout 28% of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia exhibit low methylation of chromatin together with weak antioxidant protection. Mental breakdowns generally occur during severe physical or emotional traumatic events that produce a separate set of altered gene marks. These people tend to be highly competitive, striving for perfection. Many of these people find that their initial psychotic episode occurred suddenly, during a period of severe stress, such as time in school, or their workplace. Patients such as this often have a calm demeanor, yet high inner tension, they tend to exhibit more of the reasoning distortions such as delusions and paranoia rather than the extreme sensory distortions such as visual and tactile hallucinations. This schizophrenia biotype essentially is a thought disorder with delusions and catatonic tendencies the primary symptoms. This condition is associated with low activity at serotonin, dopamine, and NMDA receptors. The most common DSM-5 diagnoses are Schizoaffective Disorder or Delusional Disorder.Symptoms and Traits:Severe delusions, OCD, catatonic tendencies, phobias, very high libido, high accomplishment prior to onset (perfectionism), denial of illness, low pain tolerance, addictiveness, slenderness, frequent headaches, ritualistic behaviours, rumination about past events, blankminded appearanceEffective medications: antipsychotic SSRIs for depression: Zyprexa, Seroquel, Abilify, ClozarilPyrrole DisorderPyroluria, or pyrrole disorder, is a genetically acquired chemical imbalance in which the body produces an abnormally large number of pyrroles. It was first observed during Carl Pfeiffer's urine testing of people suffering from psychotic symptoms. A pyrrole is a chemical consisting of a 5 membered aromatic ring. These chemicals are the byproduct of hemoglobin synthesis and have no known function in the body; they are normally excreted in the urine. Most people have very few pyrroles in their system at any given time; certain individuals, however, have an unusually high number of pyrroles in their bodies, resulting in a condition known as pyroluria. The production of pyrroles/ hydroxyhemopyrrolin can increase with stress, which in turn decreases zinc and B6 – nutrients that are essential for the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, melatonin, GABA, and acetylcholine. Zinc and B6 fail to be reabsorbed in effective amounts following the onset. Zinc deficiencies have been associated with a number of physiological disorders, including poor immune function, poor growth, and delayed sexual development. Schizophrenic patients suffering from this condition often find that through rebalancing levels of Zinc, B6, and GABA, that they quickly see a reduction in their symptoms.Symptoms:Onset during severe stress, mixed psychotic symptoms, extreme Anxiety, explosive anger, sensitivity to bright lights and noise, obsessions with negative thoughts, little to no dream recallEffective medications include all atypical antipsychotics and benzodiazapines (especially Klonapin)Wheat Gluten IntoleranceIn some people, there is a poor breakdown of gluten proteins in the G.I. tract, likely due to an intolerant microbiome. Short peptides are formed with opiode-like properties which then travel to the brain and cause inflammation. This condition seems to be the cause of 4% cases of schizophrenia. Upon eliminating wheat, oats, barley, and rye from the diet people suffering from gluten intolerance quickly find that their symptoms have gone into remission.Symptoms: Mixed psychotic symptoms; worsening of symptoms after the consumption of foods high in glutenEffective medications include all atypical antipsychoticsCopper ToxicityCopper is essential to the body. It assists in the production of red blood cells, helps form collagen, absorb iron, and serves a whole host of other functions. It is found in every part of the body - including the brain - where it assists in neuron signaling. It is like a dimmer for neuron communication in the brain.So what if a person's body doesn't effectively regulate copper levels, leading to too much copper?Copper toxicity is marked by extreme levels of copper in the blood and brain, causing a dopamine deficiency and norepinephrine overload. High levels of copper over conduct the brain resulting in sensory excitation and dysregulation. Increased copper retention is necessary to rapidly produce capillaries and blood vessels for the growing fetus, and some mothers are unable to eliminate the excess copper due to estrogen intolerance. Postpartum depression and post partum psychosis is usually caused by copper overload. 17% of the depression patients in the study fit this category. Most patients afflicted with this condition reported little effect from taking SSRIs.Symptoms and traits: Mixed psychotic symptoms with suicidal or homicidal tendencies, more than 95% female with onset during hormonal event, SSRI antipsychotics ineffectiveEffective medications: All atypical antipsychoticsMethod of treatment: Rebalancing zinc and copper levels through supplementation and elimination of high copper foods.Why Niacin can reduce symptoms of Overmethylated SchizophreniaNicotinic acid is an organic compound and a form of vitamin B3, a nutrient essential to proper body and brain function. Niacin and niacinamide both act as dopamine re-uptake promoters and act to remove dopamine from the system. According to the dopamine theory of schizophrenia, high levels fo dopamine cause are are part of the cause of schizophrenia. Dr Abram Hoffer was well known for his experiments with niacin in the treatment of schizophrenia. According to his research, administering high dosages (5000mg+) of niacin to overmethylated schizophrenic patients reduced symptoms and cause improvements significantly. You can find various reports around /r/schizophrenia and schizophrenia.com about people who saw their symptoms improve after supplementing with niacin. If the Walsh hypothesis of schizophrenia is to be believed, these people are likely overmethylated.So, now that we've laid out these imbalances, what is the preferred method of testing for, and treating them?Biochemical makeup is determined through blood testing done at certified laboratories. These labs test for kryptopyrroles, copper serum, zinc, whole blood Histamine, ceruloplasmin, vitamin D, TSH, CMP14, and homocysteine.Medical history and symptoms are assessed along with labs in order to make a determination. After this, a regimen of nutrients in carefully calculated dosages, as well as a and diet plan, is tailored to one's individual biochemistry. As no two people are unique, no treatment should be either. As such is is not advised that people undertake self diagnosis, as there is a high risk for worsening symptoms if an incorrect determination is made. It is absolutely not recommended that people stop taking their perscribed medication. There are multiple clinics that facilitate this type of testing. Most of them seem to be in the United States, Ireland, and Australia. According to proponents of this method of treating schizophrenia, a significant number of patients reported that this method of treatment had a significant impact on their condition.Summarized from the following sources:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nMcXIoV1VMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bngPW55Po1kwww.mensahmedical.com/images/Schizophrenia-PP_1.pdfhttps://archive.org/details/NutrientPowerWilliamJ.WalshPhDhttps://www.walshinstitute.org/researchstudies.htmlhttp://www.orthomolecularvitamincentre.com/a_hoffer_schizophrenia.phphttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2669582/https://www.walshinstitute.org/uploads/1/7/9/9/17997321/depression_pp_2.pdfhttp://www.mensahmedical.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/BiochemicalImbalancesInMentalHealthPopulations.pdfhttp://americannutritionassociation.org/sites/default/files/ANA%20Presentation_Walsh_%2011%2012.pdfhttp://www.kumc.edu/Documents/integrativemed/830am_DrWalsh_%20BD_ADHD_ASD.pdf.pdfhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpjXWF7kdvwhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4083629/https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/490850 https://ift.tt/eA8V8J http://bit.ly/2Ww880J
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